Saturday, December 31, 2011

[225] Change - CHLLNGR



Lo considere apropiado para cerrar el 2011...

http://www.wired.com/underwire/tag/chllngr/
The sci-fi music video for Chllngr’s “Change” is loaded with hypnotic 2-D and 3-D animations, from the requisite 2001: A Space Odyssey monoliths to rotoscoping in honor of legendary filmmaker Ralph Bakshi.
“The loose story was a total nerd-out session,” co-director Ryan Todd told Wired.com in an e-mail. “We snuck in space battles, magic, terraforming, psychedelia, meditation, relationship drama and whatever else we had in our heads at the time.”
The kitchen-sink geek approach to making the video, premiering exclusively above, worked wonders, given the track’s space-age chill. Chllngr — aka California-born, Copenhagen-based musician Steven Borth — and the video were both inspired by dub engineering pioneers such as King Tubby and his protege Scientist.

“The one creative direction Borth gave was that he wanted something ‘galactic,’ which totally fit the music,” co-director Chad Turner told Wired.com by e-mail. “As soon as we heard the track, we started going through the radical albums from Jamaica. All the Mikey Dread and King Tubby covers were full of lasers and spaceships, and just plain funky.” Turner cited Bakshi and sci-fi anime like Robotech and Macross as other influences.
With a single recurring lyric and celestial atmosphere to spare, the “Change” video looks stellar, considering its bare plot is about, uh … how did Todd put it?
“A space guy in the universe trying to make change and create groovy things, despite his girl’s other plans.”

http://comics.lucyknisley.com/2011/12/tannenbaum-3/

Some propellerheads - history repeating

Thursday, December 29, 2011

[223] Global Health Media Project - Cholera Erradication Video

Simple y sencillo.  Video simple, grafico y educacional para la educacion y erradicacion del colera.  Usando iphones o cualquier conexion de computadora a nivel mundial. La organizacion Global Health Media Project:
http://globalhealthmedia.org/
The Story of Cholera was produced in collaboration with award-winning animator Yoni Goodman.
We embarked on this project in response to the outbreak of cholera in Haiti and reports that the population needed basic and accurate messages about the disease.
The four-minute animation covers transmission, prevention, signs of cholera, and care in a simple and accessible way. The film follows evidence-based guidelines, consistent with messages already in place in Haiti. Earlier versions have been field-tested, as well as reviewed for accuracy and content.

Video aqui:


Algo del tema del Colegio de Farmaceuticos.
http://www.cfpr.org/shownews.asp?newsid=606

El brote que tiene en alerta a la República Dominicana no tiene por qué detenerte en tus deseos de darte una escapadita a la isla caribeña para disfrutar de sus playas durante esta temporada veraniega.
Eso sí, hay varias recomendaciones que debes tomar en consideración a la hora de darte el viajecito al vecino país o cualquier otro destino que estimes necesario.
La semana pasada se registró en Puerto Rico el primer caso de cólera. De inmediato sonó la alarma de alerta, pero las autoridades locales fueron enfáticas en que se trató de un “caso importado” a través de un misionero que viajó a la República Dominicana.
La noticia provocó que el Departamento de Salud emitiera una Guía de Protección para evitar el contagio con la infección intestinal, que puede ser utilizada tanto en su viaje a Santo Domingo como hacia otro territorio donde se sienta inseguro sobre las medidas de salubridad existentes.
Hay que recordar que el brote de cólera que hoy azota a la República Dominicana inició en Haití a meses de ser sacudido por un terremoto que dejó a miles de muertos y a otros miles desprovistos de hogar y de seguras medidas de salubridad.
“Las personas pueden continuar visitando la República Dominicana y otras jurisdicciones y, como se ha resaltado en los pasados días, es recomendable... no ingerir agua si la botella no está debidamente sellada, para garantizar que es de una fuente confiable y no está contaminada”, comentó el titular de Salud, Lorenzo González.

Un clip viejo de un artculo de Ghost Map.  El brote de colera de Broad Street, Inglaterra:
Gracias a cartoon brew por el link:

Wednesday, December 28, 2011

[222] Cuna de Lobos y Ventanas Rotas

En un a/no record de violencia en Puerto Rico comienzo a recibir cadenas de emails.  Entonces veo esta nota de Verabee, una de las paginas amarradas a este blog.  Su historia de una muchacha criada por lobos dice mucho sin palabras.  Les dejo el link aqui:

http://verabee.com/wolf/

Sobre las cadenas de mail, son sobre la teoria de las ventanas rotas.  Esencialmente se indica que un ambiente deteriorado y negativo engendra un ambiente mas deteriorado y negativo.  Cualquier parecido con la realidad es pura casualidad.

Les dejo algo de la teoria aqui.  No incluyo el link original porque detesto las presentaciones saposas en powerpoint.  Mejor envienme un texto a un powerpoint...

http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teor%C3%ADa_de_las_Ventanas_Rotas
http://www.elpais.com/articulo/cataluna/teoria/ventanas/rotas/elpepiautcat/20041018elpcat_7/Tes
Y las personas civilizadas se retraen. Wilson y Kelling lo explicaban así: "Muchos ciudadanos pensarán que el crimen, sobre todo el crimen violento, se multiplica, y consiguientemente modificarán su conducta. Usarán las calles con menos frecuencia y, cuando lo hagan, se mantendrán alejados de los otros, moviéndose rápidamente, sin mirarles ni hablarles. No querrán implicarse con ellos. Para algunos, esa atomización creciente no será relevante, pero lo será para otros, que obtienen satisfacciones de esa relación con los demás. Para ellos, el barrio dejará de existir, excepto en lo que se refiere a algunos amigos fiables con los que estarán dispuestos a reunirse".
Y esto vale no sólo para el orden público, sino para otras muchas facetas de la vida social. Si en una empresa se descuidan algunas normas éticas, el ambiente se deteriora. Si se falsea la contabilidad para pagar menos impuestos, mentir a los empleados es más fácil -y también a los directivos, y a los propietarios-. Si lo que cuenta es la rentabilidad a corto plazo, se descuidan las normas de seguridad e higiene en el trabajo y las de seguridad del producto o del servicio, se trata a las personas con menos respeto, el cliente es cada vez más un objeto y no una persona cuyas necesidades hay que satisfacer...

El articulo original de 1982 aqui:
http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1982/03/broken-windows/4465/?single_page=true

One way to stretch limited police resources is being tried in some public housing projects. Tenant organizations hire off-duty police officers for patrol work in their buildings. The costs are not high (at least not per resident), the officer likes the additional income, and the residents feel safer. Such arrangements are probably more successful than hiring private watchmen, and the Newark experiment helps us understand why. A private security guard may deter crime or misconduct by his presence, and he may go to the aid of persons needing help, but he may well not intervene—that is, control or drive away—someone challenging community standards. Being a sworn officer—a "real cop"—seems to give one the confidence, the sense of duty, and the aura of authority necessary to perform this difficult task.
Patrol officers might be encouraged to go to and from duty stations on public transportation and, while on the bus or subway car, enforce rules about smoking, drinking, disorderly conduct, and the like. The enforcement need involve nothing more than ejecting the offender (the offense, after all, is not one with which a booking officer or a judge wishes to be bothered). Perhaps the random but relentless maintenance of standards on buses would lead to conditions on buses that approximate the level of civility we now take for granted on airplanes.

Churn out!

Tuesday, December 27, 2011

[221] Redes de Sabores en Regiones Culinarias

Interesante articulo que les incluyo aqui:

http://www.nature.com/srep/2011/111215/srep00196/full/srep00196.html


According to an empirical view known as “the flavor principle”30, the differences between regional cuisines can be reduced to a few key ingredients with specific flavors: adding soy sauce to a dish almost automatically gives it an oriental taste because Asians use soy sauce widely in their food and other ethnic groups do not; by contrast paprika, onion, and lard is a signature of Hungarian cuisine. Can we systematically identify the ingredient combinations responsible for the taste palette of a regional cuisine? To answer this question, we measure the authenticity of each ingredient ( ), ingredient pair ( ), and ingredient triplet ( ) (see Methods). In Fig. 4 we organize the six most authentic single ingredients, ingredient pairs and triplets for North American and East Asian cuisines in a flavor pyramid. The rather different ingredient classes (as reflected by their color) in the two pyramids capture the differences between the two cuisines: North American food heavily relies on dairy products, eggs and wheat; by contrast, East Asian cuisine is dominated by plant derivatives like soy sauce, sesame oil, and rice and ginger. Finally, the two pyramids also illustrate the different affinities of the two regional cuisines towards food pairs with shared compounds. The most authentic ingredient pairs and triplets in the North American cuisine share multiple flavor compounds, indicated by black links, but such compound-sharing links are rare among the most authentic combinations in East Asian cuisine.

Friday, December 23, 2011

[220] El Instrumento de Leon Theremin

Mencione en varios posts atras a Jon Spencer Blues Explosion (http://alcantarillaalquimica.blogspot.com/2011/12/218-jon-spencer-blues-explosion.html) y no mencione el Theremin ( http://youtu.be/wYaQDJAJFkw ). El instrumento, que no necesitas tocar para hacer musica.  Usa tu cuerpo o cualquier objeto para generar impedancia en un campo magnetico, de cuya interferencia podemos ajustar el volumen y el tono ('pitch') de una onda sonora amplificda!

Algo del tema aqui:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theremin
The theremin was originally the product of Russian government-sponsored research into proximity sensors. The instrument was invented by a young Russian physicist named Lev Sergeivich Termen (known in the West as Léon Theremin) in October 1920[3] after the outbreak of the Russian civil war. After positive reviews at Moscow electronics conferences, Theremin demonstrated the device to Bolshevik leader Vladimir Lenin. Lenin was so impressed with the device that he began taking lessons in playing it,[4] commissioned six hundred of the instruments for distribution throughout the Soviet Union, and sent Theremin on a trip around the world to demonstrate the latest Soviet technology and the invention of electronic music. After a lengthy tour of Europe, during which time he demonstrated his invention to packed houses, Theremin found his way to the United States, where he patented his invention in 1928 (US1661058). Subsequently, Theremin granted commercial production rights to RCA.
Although the RCA Thereminvox (released immediately following the Stock Market Crash of 1929), was not a commercial success, it fascinated audiences in America and abroad. Clara Rockmore, a well-known thereminist, toured to wide acclaim, performing a classical repertoire in concert halls around the United States, often sharing the bill with Paul Robeson.
During the 1930s Lucie Bigelow Rosen was also taken up with the theremin and together with her husband Walter Bigelow Rosen provided both financial and artistic support to the development and popularisation of the instrument.[5][6]
In 1938, Theremin left the United States, though the circumstances related to his departure are in dispute. Many accounts claim he was taken from his New York City apartment by KGB agents,[7] taken back to the Soviet Union and made to work in a sharashka laboratory prison camp at Magadan, Siberia. He reappeared 30 years later. In his 2000 biography of the inventor, Theremin: Ether Music and Espionage, Albert Glinsky suggested the Russian had fled to escape crushing personal debts, and was then caught up in Stalin's political purges. In any case, Theremin did not return to the United States until 1991.[8]

http://asmir.info/theremin_classic.htm
The THEREMIN (aka Theremin-vox) is one of the most distinctive of all electronic instruments. It was invented in 1919 by Russian physicist and musician Lev Sergeyevich Termen, whose name somehow became French-ified to Leon Theremin. It has a unique sound, and a unique design. It's also one of the very few instruments you play without touching. Instead of a keyboard, or strings, it has antennas which sense the movements of your hands in the surrounding space. Those antennas provide a control of pitch and loudness. The pitch antenna is a vertical rod situated in front of the player and slightly to the right. The loudness antenna is placed to the left and fashioned into a horizontal loop so as to be under the horizontal palm of the player's left hand. Movement of the right hand toward the pitch antenna controls pitch, while movement of the left hand toward the volume antenna controls loudness or volume.
Pitch is changed by capacitance of your hand, or whatever goes close to the antenna. The Theremin has two very high frequency oscillators (around 350 kHz). One of them is fixed, and the other is varied by the capacitance of your hand: it's the difference between the two frequencies which decides the pitch. That way, even a 0.05% change in the variable oscillator can be substantial at audio frequency - enough, with good design, to give a range of five octaves.
 
Thus the audio frequency note is produced by heterodyning the outputs of two ultrasonic oscillators. The fixed oscillator operates in the region of 350 KHz with the variable pitch oscillator being above this frequency, the difference equaling the frequency of the note being played. The position of the right hand is sensed by the change of capacitance it introduces in the pitch antenna, this change controls the frequency of the variable pitch oscillator.
Left hand circuitry derives a control voltage from the loudness antenna, this voltage being used to control the gain of the voltage controlled amplifier and hence the amplitude of the output.
The resulting sine wave output is processed to give more complex waveforms which provide a choice of tone colors in addition to the pure sine wave tone.



The Method...
http://www.electrotheremin.com/claramethod.html

Y a lo que vine, varios videos para pasar las fiestas.

Chequeense el bajo en este:



Una clase, por una de las prodigio modernas del instrumento.  Buena explicacion tecnica:

Y algo de relleno adicional aqui:
http://youtu.be/VJ4dfYUlW1w
http://youtu.be/4IG8WYjQdSc

Churn Out...

Thursday, December 22, 2011

[219] Guanica Restoration Project



I passed by the dry forest yesterday after my weekly Yauco meeting.  Since I was late I could not stay.  However I just had to give more details on the hydraulics of the valley and how bad decisions in the past regarding the maintenance of the Coffee Industry has caused excessive erosion that were not impacting the coral reefs of the Guanica Bay.
The ex was there last weekend.  Guanica is a town with history and the UNESCO certified dry forest, a natural wonder of the world.  So my interest on visiting the valley for photo documenting the trails.  Winter is the season there is a large migration of birds and the forest is in its wettest period of the year.
I wont be able to visit soon, although it is scheduled, so instead I present some scientific studies on the area, in hope that you rediscover this incredible natural wonder.

http://www.cprm.gov.br/pgagem/puerto/Schaffner%20Too%20Much.pdf
First, the bad decisions regarding Laguna Cartagena, in the Valley of Lajas, another must see area on this piece of land I love so much.
Summary:  Eutrophication, reduced volume of water accumulated have caused accumulation of phosphorus and sulfur.  Promoting toxic conditions.  Solution: rehabilitate the area to receive fresh water and accumulate.  Create a peat industry to use the rotting biomass as compost.

Then, a small poster presented on the restoration of the Guanica Bay by adopting the watershed and rehabilitation of the Guanica Lagoon as an effort to reduce nutrient migrations to the Guanica Bay.
http://www.nfwf.org/AM/Template.cfm?Section=Home&Template=/CM/ContentDisplay.cfm&ContentID=15019

By the way, I don't work for CSA or Gregory Morris.  I just love their restoration projects.
http://glmeng-coop.com/pdesc_en.php?36
The firm worked with the planning and design of the restoration of the Guánica Lagoon. GME was contracted to conduct a hydrologic and hydraulic study of the lagoon and, in 1999, they published Hydrologic and Hydraulic Analysis: “Guánica Lagoon Restoration Impacts on Regulatory Flood Levels” and “Guánica Lagoon Hydrology & Restoration Alternatives” as a result of those studies. In these studies, GME evaluated three alternative scenarios for the restoration of the Guánica Lagoon.

Another study on the Guanica Bay mechanics.  May be a bit too technical but has impressive pictures on the problem areas of the watershed:
https://www.estuaries.org/pdf/2010conference/tuesday16/yatch/session1/rios.pdf

In other shallower issues.  She stayed in Copamarina...
http://www.map-puerto-rico.com/guanica-puerto-rico.html
All through the summertime months highs here in Guanica can get into the 90's with overnight lows in the 60's. Make sure to bring sun cover protection as the sun can be brutal in your skin.

If you are hiking, even though some trails have tall trees and shadow, you should use protection from the sun, have enough water, and watch for the first sights of dehydration.

On
UNESCO’s list of Biosphere Reserves the dry forest has 48 rare tree species and is an excellent place for Gilligan's Island Guanicabird watching and hiking. It comprises coastal areas with several mangrove cays as well as subtropical dry forest.

The main reason to visit Guanica, Puerto Rico is the beaches. From the Balneario Caña (cania) Gorda, Ballena beach, Manglillos beach, Tamarindo Beach, Playa Santa beach, and Gilligan's Island (Cayo Caña Gorda), Guanica offers the best in beaches for the family.

At Balneario Caña Gorda the gentle water at this beach washes onto a wide swath of sand fringed with palm trees. It is one of the favorite beaches among locals.

The beach comprises of picnic tables, restrooms, showers, and changing facilities. In Caña Gorda go exploring the many small bays and coves common in the area. These are uninhabited and they invite the imagination to run wild as Playa Santa Beach - Guanicayou discover crannies and nooks.

If a peaceful lifestyle lived on the sandy shores of a beautiful blue sea teaming with all sorts of colorful marine
life appeals to you, then you might find that Caña Gorda is the place you'll spend some time in.



I am a rather old fashioned person.  I hate luxury in all its forms so I'd prefer the option of staying in a cozy B&B.
Something like Mary Lee's...
http://www.maryleesbythesea.com/contenta.htm

Or just going birding...
http://www.birdingpr.com/photos.html
http://www.birdingpr.com/endemics.html
http://www.birdingpr.com/endemics/15jui.html
http://www.birdingpr.com/endemics/01llorosa.html

Something from the DNER...
http://www.drna.gobierno.pr/oficinas/arn/recursosvivientes/costasreservasrefugios/pmzc/publicaciones/folletos/Bosque%20Seco%20Guanica.pdf

Wednesday, December 21, 2011

[218] Jon Spencer Blues Explosion


Churning.  Les dejo par de videos de Jon Spencer Blues Explosion. 
Tropece con un CD viejo de ellos los otros dias.


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blues_Explosion




In the US the first single to be released from the album was Talk About The Blues on 6 October 1998. This song was recorded during a session with Calvin Johnson at Dub Narcotic, Olympia, Washington. Most of the other tracks recorded at this time would be released in 1999 as the collaborative album Sideways Soul: Dub Narcotic Sound System Meets The Jon Spencer Blues Explosion in a Dancehall Style!.

The music video, directed by Evan Bernard, features Winona Ryder, Giovanni Ribisi and John C. Reilly as the Blues Explosion[34] with Judah, Russell and Jon acting. "The singer told MTV Online: I think that people are really going to be surprised when they see the acting on the part of the Blues Explosion. When people get a load of some of the heavy, dramatic, really very intense scenes that we pulled out from our souls, I think people are really going to be blown away.".[35]

Throughout the life of the band the use of the word "blues" in the band name has caused a great deal of debate. The lyrics of Talk About The Blues address this issue referring directly to MTV and Rolling Stone magazine and features the line "I do not play no blues, I play rock 'n' roll" (which itself was a reference to the Mississippi Fred McDowell album I Do Not Play No Rock 'n' Roll).

"Talk About The Blues" was a reaction a Rolling Stone review of Now I Got Worry and Q&A with Jon Spencer.[36]

"I wrote the song right after we did the interview, inspired by that and also some of the criticism we’ve received over the past couple years. If we tried to record some song that was a response to criticism as it happened, that would be too heavy-handed. The lyrics stayed true to the original off-the-cuff feel, what you call a rant. But it's not such a big deal, you know. A lot of that stuff just doesn't merit a response." [36]

Friday, December 16, 2011

[217] Video Room

Ayer fue la obra de Navidad de la Academia Santa Maria del Camino.  Les quedo buena la obra este a/no.  Estoy super ajetreado con un reporte que esta atrasadisimo asi que les dejo par de videos:



Bootie Brown ense/nando a rapear, a unos futuros estudiantes de segundo grado.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Pharcyde
In 2005, Bootie Brown made a guest appearance on Gorillaz' single "Dirty Harry", from the album Demon Days. The verse was a narrative of a soldier on the frontlines in Iraq. He often fills in for rapper Mos Def on the Gorillaz' song Stylo on the group's Escape to Plastic Beach World Tour & at the Glastonbury Festival in 2010.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirty_Harry_(song)
The video was first released on 25 October 2005 to subscribers of the Gorillaz website mailing list. Like the video for "Clint Eastwood", the video for "Dirty Harry" references the Clint Eastwood film of the same name. "Dirty Harry" is the only Gorillaz music video other than "Stylo" to be filmed on-location. The band was going to use a computer animated desert, but it turned out simply flying the crew and band to the desert was cheaper and easier. Most of the video features shirtless 2-D and an animated version of the Children's Choir San Fernandez stranded in the middle of a desert, following what appears to have been a helicopter crash. The survivors keep themselves entertained with the song while awaiting the arrival of rescuers, portrayed by Noodle and Murdoc crewing a South African Defence Force Casspir mine-proof vehicle driven by Russel (who wears a Fu Manchu). The song and video feature a guest appearance by Pharcyde rapper Bootie Brown, who leaps out of a sand dune in World War II military fatigues to perform his verse of the song. In the end of the video the Gorillaz, the children and Bootie Brown depart the crash site in the military vehicle, which breaks down meters away. The themes in the single, as well as the themes in the entire album are all based on Damon Albarn's observations on the state that the world is in today.[1] The helmet which appears on the single cover and the poster for the video, seen in the cinema section of the Gorillaz website, is reminiscent of the Full Metal Jacket film poster.

version original:

Saturday, December 10, 2011

[216] Santini and my Antiversary

Dios mio!  Vi la atroz postal navide/na de Santini (tacky just doesn't cut it) y decidi buscar informacion irrelevante para escribir un post.  Simplemente expongo que han salido varias cosas que debo sacar ya.  Primero, la postal de Santini, ajustada para sus sensibilidades con gatitos.  Porque todo con gatitos se ve mejor:

Me hizo pensar.  Tanto passive agressiveness en una imagen.  Creo que los comentarios de El /Name y de Santini Family Fights son sumamente interesantes:
http://elname.com/2011/12/con-su-tarjeta-navidena-la-familia.html?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+elname+%28El+Ñame%29
http://santinifamilyfights.tumblr.com/

En esa misma onda hice referencia a una imagen de Simba y Scar en Lion King.  Gran imagen para mi Antiversario el dia 11...Siguiendo esa linea passive aggresive (http://www.zefrank.com/punc/) esta linda postal:

Dios mio!  Hay asperezas pero no es para tanto.

En otros temas, he estado revisando CDs viejos y los toco por momentos.  He tropezado recientemente con un grupo folk llamado Fiery Furnaces.
http://www.thefieryfurnaces.com/site/
http://pitchfork.com/artists/1602-the-fiery-furnaces/

En particular por un video dedicado al gran Dubya, we got back the plague....  Video debajo:



Letra:
That easygoing man of blood
Mucking about in the McClennan County mud
If you're hoping he won't, well course then he must
While driving his truck through the McClennan County dust

Well I read in my book on Sunday afternoon
So it's easy to think the end's coming soon
But though sometimes the signs from heaven are vague
Early November we got back the plague

While beautiful Laura's sweeping the porch
He's teleconferencing up his operation torch
And I don't care if he bombs Babylon to hell
Except for he's building Babylon here as well

Well I read in my book on Sunday afternoon
So it's easy to think the end's coming soon
But though sometimes the signs from heaven are vague
Early November we got back the plague

Waking up in Cedar Rapids looking for allies
Praising his leaches and looking for likewise
Down in St. Charles local talent he hawks
Smirking and sowing the wind as he talks

Well I read in my book on Sunday afternoon
So it's easy to think the end's coming soon
But though sometimes the signs from heaven are vague
Early November we got back the plague

In Northern Virginia on their excursions
Or LUVN with all their diversions
Horns for hounds and spurs for horses
Release the committed 72-hour task forces

Well I read in my book on Sunday afternoon
So it's easy to think the end's coming soon
But though sometimes the signs from heaven are vague
Early November we got back the plague

Bentonville and Dallas with gasoline douse
Then back to Crawford going over the firehouse
Behind the curtains not too much of a trick
Sicking ourselves to make ourselves sick

Well I read in my book on Sunday afternoon
So it's easy to think the end's coming soon
But though sometimes the signs from heaven are vague
Early November we got back the plague

That easygoing man of blood
Mucking about in the McClennan County mud
If you're hoping he won't, well course then he must
While driving his truck through the McClennan County dust
OK, mas passive agressiveness pero esta vez contra George W. Bush.  A lo que voy.  Investigo McClennan y llego a Waco y a Crush Texas.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McLennan_County,_Texas
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crush,_Texas
Tropiezo entonces con William Crush...

William Crush

William George Crush was the general passenger agent of the Missouri-Kansas-Texas Railroad, known familiarly as the "Katy" railroad.[5] Observing that curiosity-seekers inevitably showed up at train wrecks, Crush persuaded the railway's management to let him pursue a publicity stunt involving the staging of a collision. For the public spectacle, to which the Katy offered to transport spectators for $2 each, on September 15, 1896 near Waco, Texas, Crush placed two locomotives, facing in the opposite directions, on a 4-mile (6.4-km) track. The event had to be delayed by several hours because the crowd of some 40,000 people resisted being pressed back by the police, to what was supposedly a safe distance. The crews, after tying the throttles open, jumped off and let the engines, pulling wagons loaded with railroad ties, steam at full power into a head-on collision, the combined speed of which was 90 mi/h (145 km/h). An unanticipated effect, making the intentional accident more dangerous, was that two boilers exploded. Several individuals were wounded by flying debris, and three were killed. A flying bolt took out one eye of the event's photographer, Jarvis "Joe" Deane.[6]
The total kinetic energy released at the point of impact in the collision was equal to 200 megajoules (MJ), or about 50 kg of TNT.
The event, which became known as the Crash at Crush, was commemorated in "The Great Crush Collision March" by Scott Joplin, who dedicated the composition to the Missouri-Kansas-Texas Railway.[7]



Que puedo decir?  La estupidez trasciende la historia.  Things going boom.  Trenes.  Heridos.  Show.  Habia que novelerear:
http://www.lsjunction.com/facts/crush.htm
http://www.unmuseum.org/crash.htm
Crash at Crush -- 1896 By 5 p.m. the afternoon of September 15, 1896, nearly 50,000 people had gathered anxiously on a wide stretch of Texas prairie near Waco. Moments later, they watched two 35-ton locomotives, each pulling seven boxcars, collide head-on at a combined speed of 120 miles per hour. The publicity spectacular was staged at Crush, Texas, a short-lived town established just for the occasion. Organizer for the event (and namesake for the town) was William George Crush, a passenger agent for the Missouri, Kansas & Texas Railway Company, commonly known as "the Katy."

Que conste, ninguna directa con la alegoria del choque de trenes...




Crush Crash
Handshake. Two opposing locomotives of The Katy railroad "square off" a short while before
the collision. (photo courtesy The Texas Collection, Baylor University, Waco, Texas)
The collision, intended as publicity for the railroad, was planned and promoted for months in advance. The locomotives, Old No. 999 and Old No. 1001, were displayed prominently during tours throughout the state.
Rather that the usual entrance fees charged for major public attractions, Katy officials announced that they would charge no admission for the well publicized event. Further, they promised that food concession contractors would not be allowed to sell lunches at extortionate prices, and that containers of "fresh Waco water" would be abundant and free. The only fee would be the train fare required to transport the many thousands of spectators to the crash site. Even these fares were offered at bargain rates--none over $5 from anywhere in Texas. As a result, the excursion trains were so packed that some people were obliged to ride on top of the cars for lack of room inside.



Finalice mi paseo musical redescubriendo un grupo llamado Goldfish.  Les dejo un videito de lo mas gracioso:



Otro mas



y algo del grupo:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goldfish_(band)
Goldfish are an electronica and dance group hailing from Cape Town, South Africa, consisting of Dominic Peters and David Poole. They create dance music containing elements of jazz and African music, combining live instruments like double bass, saxophones, keyboards, flute, and vocals with samplers, effects and synths. They have opened for many international electronica acts, including Basement Jaxx, Faithless, Fatboy Slim, Mr Scruff, Audio Bullys, Paul van Dyk, Pete Tong and Stereo MCs.[3]
Their work features many different vocalists, including Sakhile Moleshe, Max Vidima, Monique Hellenberg, Hlulani Hlangwane and the duo's own David Poole.
An advertisement for the Kia Soul automobile featured their track "Fort Knox."

y lo dejo asi, crudito...

Wednesday, November 30, 2011

Monday, November 28, 2011

[214] Nutshell Studies of Unexplained Death


De cuando en vez se mencionan estas miniaturas donde se reproducen en detalle escenas de crimen para entrenar a los nuevos agentes forenses.  Habia visto un articulo en Details de varios a/nos atras donde supe que esto existia.  Armar maquetas es interesante...cuando le pones una historia.

Este articulo me recordo lo impresionante e interesante de conceptualizar escenas de crimen como si fuera una casita de mu/necas...Lo encontre interesante, debido a que en la era en que se hizo era revolucionario y su constructora lo hizo en sus 50s.  En un ambiente machista...Sinceramente impresionante.  Y lo dejo simple, mas detalles en los links.

Churn out...

"Interestingly, she advanced in a male dominated field by co-opting the feminine tradition of miniatures."
November 27, 2011 7:40 AM

"The Nutshell Studies of Unexplained Death": an exploration of a collection of eighteen miniature crime scene models that were built in the 1940's and 50's by a progressive criminologist Frances Glessner Lee (1878 – 1962). The models, which were based on actual homicides, suicides, and accidental deaths, were created to train detectives to assess visual evidence. This seven-year project culminated in an exhibition and a book The Nutshell Studies of Unexplained Death (The Monacelli Press, 2004). [Image Gallery]
posted by Fizz (28 comments total) 42 users marked this as a favorite


She was inspired by a classmate of her brother, George Burgess Magrath, who was just getting his MD from Harvard Medical School and was particularly interested in death investigation.[1][2] They remained close friends until his death in 1938. Magrath became a chief medical examiner in Boston and together they lobbied to have coroners replaced by medical professionals. Glessner Lee endowed the Harvard department of legal medicine (in 1931, the first such department in the country),[3] a chair in the field, the George Burgess Magrath Library,[1][4] and Harvard Associates in Police Science, a national organization for the furtherance of forensic science, one division of which is the Frances Glessner Lee Homicide School.[5] The Harvard program influenced other states to change over from the coroner system. Magrath became the department's first Chair.

Through the 1940s and 1950s, Lee hosted a series of semi-annual "Nutshell Studies of Unexplained Death." 30 or 40 leading crime scene investigators would be invited to a week-long conference, where she would present them with an intricately constructed diorama of actual crime scenes, complete with working doors, windows, and lights. They would have 90 minutes to study the scene. The week culminated in a banquet at the Ritz Carlton.[1][4] The 18 dioramas are still used for training purposes by Harvard Associates in Police Science.[5]

For her work, Lee was made an honorary Captain in the New Hampshire State Police in 1943, the first woman in the US to hold that rank.[3][5]

Mas aqui:
http://articles.baltimoresun.com/1999-02-24/news/9902240040_1_forensic-science-police-science-1930s-and-1940s
http://harvardmagazine.com/2005/09/frances-glessner-lee-html
http://harvardmag.com/pdf/2005/09-pdfs/0905-36.pdf

Las fotos incluidas aqui son parte de una exhibicion fotografica de Corinne May Botz, que publico un libro al respecto.

http://www.corinnebotz.com/Corinne_May_Botz/Nutshell_Studies.html


"The Nutshell Studies of Unexplained Death" is an exploration of a collection of eighteen miniature crime scene models that were built in the 1940's and 50's by a progressive criminologist Frances Glessner Lee (1878 – 1962). The models, which were based on actual homicides, suicides, and accidental deaths, were created to train detectives to assess visual evidence. This seven-year project culminated in an exhibition and a book The Nutshell Studies of Unexplained Death (The Monacelli Press, 2004).

The models display an astounding level of precision and detail: shades can be raised and lowered, mice live in the walls, stereoscopes work, whistles blow and pencils write. My photographs highlight the models’ painstaking detail, as well as the prominence of female victims. Through framing, scale, lighting, color, and depth of field, I attempt to bring intimacy and emotion to the scene of the crime. I want viewers to feel as if they inhabit the miniatures - to loose their sense of proportion and experience the large in the small.

In addition to creating over 100 photographs of the models, I spent years researching and writing about the female criminologist who conceived and built the models, Frances Glessner Lee (1878-1962). I considered Lee my collaborator, and as a woman artist, it was important for me to unearth her story and make it known. My writing explores how Lee’s experience of domestic space informed her creations. Lee followed the role prescribed for her as an upper-class woman, but domestic life never suited her. The houses where she lived were a place of refuge, personal expression, and pride, but they were also a source of disempowerment and anxiety. While she was unhappy with the roles she was forced into as a woman, she maintained assumptions about a woman’s place in the home. Interestingly, she advanced in a male dominated field by co-opting the feminine tradition of miniatures

The models undermine the notion of the home as a safe haven and reveal it to be a far more complex sphere. All of the models depict lower middle class interiors, and the majority of victims are women who suffered violent deaths in the home.

Friday, November 25, 2011

[213] Reflexion Sobre el Black Friday 2011


He establecido ya en varias ocasiones que el consumerismo nos mata.  Por ende, de nuevo este a/no les regalo la vaca sagrada de oro para el descuento del Black Friday.  Cuando entenderemos que si compro algo que no necesito desperdicio dinero, asi el articulo tuviese un 80% de descuento?
No es secreto que he estado haciendo modificaciones a la casa, luego de la ida de la fulana.  Quise darle un aire psicoleico y retro al cuarto master.  Asi que compre dos marcos de fotos bien grandes y puse estas dos imagenes de alta resolucion.  El primero es de una caratula que Moebius hizo para un single de Jimi Hendix.  Me gusto tanto que lo imprimi a 18x24 (gracias K Mart!!!)

Busque posters de peliculas, pero nadie local realmente las trae.  Asi que encontre este poster escaneado a resolucion completa de Klaus Nomi.

http://alcantarillaalquimica.blogspot.com/2010/07/sattadae-nite-david-bowie-boys-keep.html

Al montar el poster en 27x40 realmente impresiona.  Ahora vere como queda en el cuarto.

Perdonen.

El tema de hoy era el Black Friday.  En realidad el tema es mas como K Mart San Patricio maneja el gate de salida hacia el mall.

Hoy, viernes negro la gente comprando televisores de 32 y 40 pulgadas con leves descuentos y tecnologias obsoletas (especialidad de K Mart).  Estaban a buen precio, pero realmente tengo que comprar un blu ray y un televisor de alta resolucion para verle las bubis pixeladas y las arrugas corregidas por CGI de Julia Roberts, o los tatuajes digitalmente borrados de Angela Jolie?

Bueno, vi carros con dos de esos y otras cosas mas.  A las 8 de la noche, cuando fui al mall, la fila de lay away cruzaba la tienda.  Es criminal.  Por $300 - 400 de ahorros.  Como yo lo veo, yo cotizo a como 70 - 80 / hora.  Tres horas esperando en una fila me cuesta 210 - 240.  No es negocio...Para un vago de la calle con un cheque del PAN o con Plan 8 is no big deal...

Anyway.  Mi rant es con el gate.  En lo que espere que imprimiesen el poster pasaron como filita india como 10 carritos, con dos televisores cada uno, aprestando cruzar el gate para llegar al carro, cruzando el mall.  Al llegar casi al gate, el celador les dice 'parate ahi, que la ruedita se .... ay que chavienda, otro carrito trancado!!!'  Varios minutos despues consiguen el beeper para tumbar el mecanismo que tranca las gomas con el mantra, es que no pueden cruzar el carrito por el mall.

Como en el octavo carrito le digo al celador.  'Mijo, en la seccion de ferreteria tienen tape amarillo a monton por chavo.  Porque no te traen un rollo y asi pones un tape marcando que no pasen el carrito.  O mejor aun...pon un poster grande...como el 27x34 que me llevo este poster y di: CARRITO SE TRANCA.  SI QUIERE CRUZAR EL MALL VAYA A BEST BUY.,.

El celador me dice que hay rotulo, en cada caja registradora.  Yo le digo -Aha, y?  Ya compraron, no?  Adviertanselo de principio...

mmm pensandolo bien, seria un fracaso de vendedor....

no dije nada.  me fui.

[212] Ranting - Hicimos la Cancion del Gran Combo la mas Popular?

Rant breve...
Compraron al Gran Combo por cuanto para que le pasaran la culpa de la situacion del pais a los vagos y desempleados.  Nos hicieron creer todo el a/no que votaramos e hiciecemos este mantra la cancion mas popular.  Incluso nos dijeron del concierto gratuito.  En que quedo todo eso?  En la patra/na que era de principio?  No se, realmente no sigo los medios.  Nota del vocero debajo:

http://www.vocero.com/escenario-es/el-gran-combo-pone-al-vago-a-trabajar



En la nueva campaña del Banco Popular, producida por J. Walter Maldonado y grabada el miércoles pasado, los integrantes expresan antes de cantar el tema: “Hoy todavía seguimos luchando contra las adversidades que día a día nos trae la vida. La batalla no se ha perdido. Nuestro Puerto Rico no está pobre de esperanza. Vamos pa’lante. Vamos a soñar. Vamos a pensar en grande. Así lo hicimos nosotros en aquel entonces y lo continuamos haciendo ahora. Tenemos que ser positivo. No esperes que nadie lo haga por ti”.

Algunos lectores de vocero.com y cibernautas en las páginas no oficiales de El Gran Combo en Facebook (FB) se han expresado a favor de la letra nueva. “Gran mensaje de don Rafa y El Gran Combo. Este mensaje de motivación espero no caiga en oídos sordos y a este mensaje se unan otras entidades públicas y privadas; y hagan eco de él para el bien de nuestro país”, escribió un lector de apellido Troche en vocero.com.

En FB, un caballero pregunta si hay alguna versión extendida de la canción nueva donde indique dónde se puede conseguir trabajo o “¿acaso el chequecito del gobierno por la canción no dio para incluir eso en la grabación?”

Este rotativo intentó contactar a la agencia J. Walter Maldonado, antes conocida como Martí, Flores Prieto & Watchel, para obtener detalles sobre la producción de la campaña, pero al cierre de esta edición no se había logrado la comunicación.

Por otro lado, el Banco Popular citó en la mañana de hoy a los medios noticiosos para una conferencia de prensa. En diciembre de 2010, la institución bancaria dedicó su producción especial a “La Universidad de la Salsa”, que incluía un disco compacto y un vídeo sobre la trayectoria de la orquesta.


Mi opinion de la campana coincide con el de este blog:


http://blog.coquipr.com/2011/09/banco-popular-pais-imaginario-de-fortuno/
Como buena opción de canción tema (“jingle”) del país imaginario del Gobernador de Puerto Rico, Luis Fortuño, el Banco Popular patrocinó que el Gran Combo violara una de sus canciones. Digo que sería ideal para el país imaginario de Fortuño porque la canción no tiene nada que ver con la situación real que vive la isla. Tal y como quedó reflejado en su vídeo de campaña, el Puerto Rico de Fortuño no existe. Por eso su vídeo de campaña no permite los comentarios, porque hay que ocultar que nadie ve el país que ellos presentan. Porque, como mencionaron los compañeros de #EnProfundo, la obra de Fortuño está para verla, no para criticarla.

http://www.enprofundo.somoscarbono.com/2011/07/03/enprofundo-46-por-puerto-rico/

By the way, el documental de Al Jazerra
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P4d8XRHoKIc



just wondering...

Wednesday, November 23, 2011

[211] Vertederos - A La Tercera La Vencida




 


He estado ocupado las pasadas semanas en varios proyectos de mi oficina, y aparte del comentario ocasional no he escrito realmente nada.  Una de mis misiones fue presentar un estudio preparado por mi oficina relacionado al manejo de desperdicios solidos en Latinoamerica para el reciente congreso de la AIDIS

El congreso estuvo de lo mas interesante e incluyo ponencias de varios paises latinoamericanos.  Nuestro tema de manejo de desperdicios solidos cayo justo en el momento en que El Nuevo Dia nos enteraba del cierre de vertederos que se avecina.  Este cierre es el tercer aviso que la Agencia Federal para la Proteccion Ambiental (EPA) le ha dado a Puerto Rico para el serio problema de manejo de desperdicios solidos.



El incumplimiento con los estándares ambientales fue lo que, en 1994, llevaron a la EPA y la JCA a ordenar el cierre de 32 de los 61 vertederos que operaban a esa fecha. Entonces se dispuso que los sistemas que quedaron abiertos tomarían las medidas necesarias para estar en total cumplimiento.
Nieves lamentó que 17 años después la historia no sea muy diferente.
“17 años tarde”
Agregó que la JCA solo está cumpliendo con su deber ministerial de regular la operación de los vertederos. “Llevamos más de 17 años tratando que estos sistemas estén en cumplimiento, por eso se estableció una fecha límite de 36 meses. La JCA no estaba siendo lo suficientemente dinámica y estricta en la fiscalización. Esta es una fecha límite que está 17 años tarde”, acotó.
Nieves señaló que, como meta ulterior, la R-11-6-5 persigue elevar la tasa de reciclaje en la Isla, que apenas es de 11.3%, pese a que la Ley 70 de 1992 dispone que debe ser de 35%.
Comentó, además, que se persigue impulsar “otras alternativas” de manejo de desperdicios sólidos, tales como composta y la conversión de basura en energía (‘waste to energy’).
“La última opción es que la basura siga llegando al vertedero. Esto abre una puerta para el reciclaje”, concluyó.


El incumplimiento ambiental en casi todos los 29 vertederos del País -que pudiera costarle su cierre en 36 meses- responde, en gran medida, a que históricamente el reciclaje no ha sido atendido con un “plan real”, admitió ayer el director de la Autoridad de Desperdicios Solidos (ADS), Elí Díaz.

Pese a que una ley de 1992 establece que la tasa de reciclaje debe ser de 35%, Díaz confirmó que es de 11.3%, lo que explica por qué de toda la basura que llega a los vertederos, el 40% es potencialmente reciclable. Esto, a su vez, acorta la vida útil de los vertederos.

En articulos previos de la Alcantarilla habiamos establecido que los desperdicios no se estan desviando y que tenemos varias corrientes que se pudiesen desviar:



  •  Neumaticos Usados



  • Material vegetativo



  • Desperdicios fecales de animales



  • Cienos de plantas de tratamiento de aguas usadas



  • Cienos de plantas de filtracion de agua potable



  •  En realidad nuestra presentacion indicaba las tecnologias que podian utilizarse para manejar los desperdicios solidos.  Estos pudiesen resumirse como:



    Vertederos
    Vertederos Abiertos
    Vertederos Modernos


    Esencialmente los vertederos son una opcion si hay terreno disponible y se contempla la proteccion de aguas subterraneas y se recolecta el gas metano generado por la descomposicion de los desperdicios.  Tiene la desventaja de no contemplar la remocion de materiales reciclables.  Ademas, solo la fraccion biodegradable se convierte en metano...Con tanto material no putrescible se entiende que mas vertederos no van a resolver el problema.


    Combustible a Energia
    Entonces la alternativa natural es quemar la basura para generar energia.  Lo que propusieron originalmente en Arecibo.  Sabian que el nombre original del vertedero de San Juan era El Crematorio???  Vamos 50 a/nos atras con esta opcion.  Sin embargo, con los controles de contaminacion de aire adecuados podemos usarlo como medida de emergencia para suplir energia alterna a la AEE y resolver el problema de neumaticos y ciertos escombros combustibles.  Estas alternas tambien se propusieron con los hornos de ESSROC (Dorado) y Ponce Cement (Ponce).  Tiene gran oposicion debido a que no es tan sostenible como otras opciones.


    Gasificacion o Pirolisis
    Una opcion mas inteligente es utilizar el proceso de pirolisis.  Esta es la tecnica que se usaba para generar el carbon de le/na.  En condiciones controladas de oxigeno y presion el material organico del desperdicio se carboniza y genera un gas sintetico rico en hidrogeno.  El residuo, un chamuscado, se dispone como cenizas.  La cantidad que se recobra como combustible es mucho mas alta que la de una quema a campo abierto.  Obviamente requiere sofisticados equipos de control atmosferico pero la mayor parte del desperdicio es utilizado.  La desventaja es que se pierde el material reutilizable (composta, material vegetativo) en el proceso.


    Un proceso mas sofisticado, Plasma, requiere grandes cantidades de energia pero genera una ceniza cristalina de gran pureza y que es quimicamente inerte.  Esta opcion es preferida por grandes metropolis como todo Japon o Asia.


    Como todo lo discutido en la Alcantarilla tengo un bias por procesos donde los recursos naturales se conservan o reutilizan.  Tenemos grandes cantidades de biosolidos que pudiesemos estar desviando de los vertederos.  Ya habia comentado mi intervencion en proyectos como el de los biodigestores propuestos para Camarero Racetrack, el uso de metanogenesis para bajar cargas altas como la Cervecera de Puerto Rico, Coca Cola o Pepsico o lo que Brazil propone con sus vaquerias para bajar las cargas de Nitrogeno y Fosforo.


    Digestion Anaerobica
    Usamos una charca o reactor ausente de oxigeno para favorecer la metanogenesis.  El desperdicio convierte la carga en metano que luego se quema en un flare o se usa para generar energia.  La tecnologia esta pegada en Europa y Sur America.  Es de relativa baja tecnologia para comunidades en desarrollo.  Pero...no sirve para los desperdicios inorganicos tipicos de la ciudad.  Esta alterna es para la ruralia o la industria avicola y pecuaria.


    Composta
    Similar a la digestion anaerobica puesto que el solido generado se puede reusar como suelo.  Y al igual a la digestion, solo sirve para desechos animales y ciertos alimentos y plantas.


    Sistemas Publicos Privados (hibridos)
    Esencialmente algo asi crearian grandes ciudades.  Mientras el municipio o subsidiaria clasifica y separa los desperdicios, se generan pellets de desperdicios uniformes que se usan para alimentar hornos de sistemas de gasificacion o de Combustible a Energia.


    Finalmente, la solucion Back to the Future...Algo que convierta el desperdicio directo a combiustible liquido o biodiesel...  Bueno a pequena escala, en gran escala veremos.


    Conclusion final...cada zona o municipio debe usar una combinacion de estas tecnologias para resolver el problema.  Como comentaba en algun lado.  Lo que hace falta es tener un norte, y comenzar, sin pensar en votos, en como resolver esto al menor precio por libra y maximizando el reuso de reciclables y recuperando suelo y top soil para nuestra islita que se ahoga en basura.


    Pensemos en esto mientras comamos abundantemente ma/nana, el Dia del Pavo...Preludio del maldito Viernes Negro.  Total, sera la tercera la vencida?  O amapucharemos de nuevo la resolucion definitiva de este problema.


    Bueno...pero si hay algo.  Se sugirio waste to energy directo, ante rechazo popular.  Ahora se propone una de gasificacion en Barceloneta.  Sufrira la misma suerte?  Les dejo un thread del tema aqui:
    http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?t=1458269
    Capacidad: 250 toneladas de basura diaria (90,000 toneladas anuales)
    Electricidad producida: 10 MW
    Inversión: $50 millones


    Se propone construir y operar una Planta de Gasificación y Conversión de Desperdicios en Energía, utilizando tecnología de gasificación. El proceso produce un gas combustible sintético (syngas), que será el combustible para una caldera de vapor. El vapor impulsa el generador eléctrico por medio de una turbina de vapor. Se propone construir la facilidad en terrenos zonificados para uso industrial propiedad de la Autoridad de Tierras de Puerto Rico.


    El proyecto propuesto tendrá capacidad para procesar hasta 90,000 toneladas anuales de desperdicios municipales. El gas sintético (“syngas”) producido se utilizará como combustible en motores de gas con capacidad de generación de hasta 10 MW de electricidad, podría ser enviado a otros
    usuarios, o formar parte de una red regional de energía.


    Mas del tema desde el punto de vista de World Bank aqui:
    http://water.worldbank.org/water/publications/managing-municipal-solid-waste-latin-america-and-caribbean-integrating-private-sector-h
    http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/EXTURBANDEVELOPMENT/EXTUSWM/0,,contentMDK:21464653~menuPK:4016667~pagePK:210058~piPK:210062~theSitePK:463841,00.html


    Articulos Previos de la Alcantarilla en el tema:
    http://alcantarillaalquimica.blogspot.com/2010/11/horseshit-power-biogas-en-camarero.html
    http://alcantarillaalquimica.blogspot.com/2010/02/energia-del-manejo-desperdicios.html
    http://alcantarillaalquimica.blogspot.com/2011/05/185-manejo-de-desperdicios-solidos.html
    http://alcantarillaalquimica.blogspot.com/2009/12/biofuels-not-food-for-fuel.html
    http://alcantarillaalquimica.blogspot.com/2009/12/biofuels-not-food-for-fuel-part-2.html


    oh, y youtube me tiene un canal...uuuu autocontent aggregators!!!
    http://www.youtube.com/social/blog/alcantarillaalquimica?feature=similar
    Que raro!!!!  Como resolver este problema no busca votos no se hace nada.  Ninguna de las administraciones ha dado el esfuerzo que se requiere para ejecutar este problema.  Mas del problema aqui:
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